I thought this was a trick question since skin cancers are the most common type of cancers overall. But actually among HIV patients, HIV-related cancers are much more common than non-HIV-related cancers (even skin cancers). EBV-induced primary CNS lymphoma is the only option that is AIDs-defining illness/cancer.

I CANNOT VIEW THE ENTIRE QUESTION. IS THIS NORMAL?

Just as clarification, capillary hydrostatic pressure would decrease because of systemic vasoconstriction in response to aortic rupture/systemic hypotension?

Just as clarification, capillary hydrostatic pressure would decrease because of systemic vasoconstriction in response to aortic rupture/systemic hypotension?

Just as clarification, capillary hydrostatic pressure would decrease because of systemic vasoconstriction in response to aortic rupture/systemic hypotension?

The concept is a convoluted way of asking if you knew how VDJ recombination works, which is that it is actually an example of altering the DNA of the B/T lymphocyte.

Southern blot technique: So when they use a probe against some region, and outputting a size of 1.5 kb or 6 kb, this is telling you the size of the DNA fragment in each cell (doesn’t matter if they say J probe or constant region probe, they’re just saying they’re targeting some nucleotide sequence found in the Ig locus/TCR beta chain locus respectively for B/T cells).

I think the confusing part could be wondering how you know whether you’re partly through rearrangement (answer choices B thru D) or if it hasn’t occurred at all yet (correct answer). Here, the concept is that B cells undergo V(D)J rearrangement in the bone marrow, while T cells do it in the thymus, and it all happens at once. So a plasma cell in the blood like in Multiple Myeloma would have fully undergone recombination, while a T cell in the blood could either be fully educated (and have finished VDJ recombination) or immature (hasn’t started VDJ).

Since the T cell gene was 6 kb and definitely bigger than the 1.5 kb gene, the T cell hasn’t undergone recombination yet.

Does anyone know the disease they are talking about? I was thinking lupus which makes sense with the answer, but i can’t find anything on anterior chamber of eye and choroid plexus.

Does anyone know the disease they are talking about? I was thinking lupus which makes sense with the answer, but i can’t find anything on anterior chamber of eye and choroid plexus.

This girl has Mono caused by Epstein-Barr Virus. The symptoms are relatively vague, but lymphadenopathy like this would be common for Mono. The CBC shows elevated lymphocytes, implying this is not a bacterial illness, so viral is likely. Combined with the lymphadenopathy, this makes us worry about Mono. The Mono-Spot test for EBV is what the question is referring to when describing the sheep erythrocytes agglutinating. From there, this question requires that you know that in EBV infection, EBV infects B cells, but does not cause them to become abnormal. Instead, CD8 cells, which are actively trying to kill the B cells, become abnormal.

I could be wrong.. but the normal ANC (absolute neutrophil count) ranges from (1,500 to 8,000/mm3) this patient is way below the normal ANC range, thus a GMCSF could help boost neutrophils which are granulocytes!

Not a full answer but it's a start (in the context of an obstruction): "Obstruction of urine flow results in an increase in hydrostatic pressures proximal to the site of obstruction. It is this buildup of pressure that leads to the accompanying pain, the distention of the collecting system in the kidney, and elevated intratubular pressures that initiate tubular dysfunction. In the first days of obstruction, the dilatation of the poorly compliant collecting system may be minimal. As the increased hydrostatic pressure is expressed in the urinary space of the glomeruli, further filtration decreases or stops completely." (Harrison's, 20e, Chapter 313)

Why is the answer “granulation tissue”? I thought after 14 days you have a fully formed scar.

The semantics of this question made me vomit blood.

One day a patient will look me in the eyes and ask, "Where are tripetides broken down?" I will smile at them and say, "the intestinal mucosa and not the duodenum." They'll smile back and I'll walk away and think of this moment as I jump from the window.