DHTR(delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction)- mild, hemolytic reaction that occur >24 hours after blood transfusion. Occurs in patients previously exposed to a minor RBC antigens(non-ABO). "+" Combs test.
Anyone can explain why IgG is not correct answer ?
I understood that it was transitional cell carcinoma, and a smoking is a risk factor ( as it contains aromatic amines ) , but how about arylamine exposure? Its exposure also associated with blader cancer.
Why not N.meningitidis ? Penicillin and ceftriaxone are treatment chooses for N.meningitidis and it's encapsulated.. If I'm not mistaken macrolides and ceftriaxone are treatment for S.pneumo , not penicillin
Risk factors for osteoporosis are gender( women) and ethnicity ( whites) according to BnB. In this case gender is answer, because she is African American.
Good picture showing the anatomy of the thigh from a T2 MRI perspective.
https://radiologykey.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/B9781437707595000073_u007-009-9781437707595.jpg
Hydrocodone/Methadone can lead to dependence--you avoid in long term use. NSAIDs you also avoid due to partial ineffectiveness in neuropathic pain as well as ulcer risk. TCA's are known to treat neuropathic pain very well (i.e. diabetes, ART therapy)
Methotrexate would be a drug of choice for psoriasis refractory to topical creams and light therapy; inhibits dihydrofolate reductase in order to decrease skin cell proliferation and reduce inflammatory response.
GnRH agonists like Leuprolide are effective for patients with breast CA because if given in a continuous fashion, they downregulate the GnRH receptor in the pituitary and ultimately decrease FSH and LH.
Psittacosis (sometimes called ornithosis or parrot disease or parrot fever) is an infection of the lung (pneumonia) caused by the bacterium Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) psittaci.
Signs and symptoms: fever. cough, usually without much phlegm. headache. rash. muscle aches. chest pain. shortness of breath. sore throat.
Negative nitrogen balance is associated with burns, serious tissue injuries, fevers, hyperthyroidism, wasting diseases, and during periods of fasting. This means that the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body is greater than the amount of nitrogen ingested.
Positive nitrogen balance is associated with periods of growth, hypothyroidism, tissue repair, and pregnancy. This means that the intake of nitrogen into the body is greater than the loss of nitrogen from the body, so there is an increase in the total body pool of protein.
Chorionic villi sampling is the taking of genetic material within in the chorionic villi of the placenta. Chorionic sampling is done when a patient is at high risk for chromosomal abnormalities (previous pos. tests, 35yo or older, family hx.) during the 10-13 weeks of pregnancy.
Confined placental mosaicism results when the C.V.S. testing comes back back showing a trisomy, but all subsequent testing (and the fetus itself) have normal chromosomal counts. This may be due to either a trophoblastic mutation, or by "trisomic rescue," in which trisomic cells that were supposed to be in the fetus are confined to the placenta to prevent an abnormal fetus.
Natural transformation is when bacteria take up naked bacterial chromosomal DNA in their environment (usually from cell lysis). A cell "lysate" is what remains of bacterial genes when the bacteria is dead (can be extracted from bacteria, as shown here). The SHiN bugs all can undergo transformation. You know it is transformation even without knowing which bugs can do so because it doesn't take up the DNA when DNase is added (it kills any free environmental DNA in the lysate)
A high stepping gate implies distal more than proximal weakness. Hammer toes are a finding in Charcot-Marie-Tooth (hereditary motor and sensory) neuropathies, most of which also feature demyelination of peripheral myelin sheaths. Slowing of nerve conduction velocities could have demonstrated the same thing less invasively.?
Increased fetal vascular resistance=> reflex bradycardia (decreased HR)