In rerod orf a gdru to be ealdrec yb the kdyein, it mstu stirf be eifdterl ni the .roilugeml sDrgu wthi a ghhi DV vaeh mroe of eht dugr in teh ustsie ttah era tno evllbaaia ot ftdrelie yb the inykd.e urDsg wiht ihgh nrpoiet iidbnng n'tow eb teedfril iehrt.e oS ouy nawt a gudr iwth low dV nda wol nnidgib fi oyu tawn it rcelead via hte esidkny nad rin.ue

paK is Hp ta wihhc nya grud is ta tsi %50 oinediz t.sate

wNo we ear akl nruei e.i nic .Hp hwne g;aHp&tKp it illw haev wot fdfi hapt fro cdiiac urdg am&p; icsab .gdur

cAicid rudg lwil cni its oainieimtnl ni(c zendoii or),mf ibsca dgur will eb orem o.bs bsedora ew dene ot okwn hte gdur si ibcsa ac.ici/d

Now if u kla iruen sti netaimoinil cni. so it aveh ot be dcia.ic or u cna nwok tsi a sdio tals of rudg ihwt NCS yrtrpope .ei tmso iekl oabrhalneitbP ke(aW iadc)

so if paK of dgur is a-6t-- Hp 7 ew liwl rtast gnltmnieiai

btu fi Kap si 0 ew dene to risea Hp of urine ta 11 to trast gaitnltni.amie atth piotn vrpe gudr (a=Kp)6 ldwuo eb lyottla tou fo msy.set

hastt ywh A si eth htgir nas Ka(p = )6

If you atwn to rlcae a ,gdru ti is lybaropb tebs hatt it nto eb dbonu ot irposetn o(s that ti tsge efd)rleti adn ti ahs a olw ulomve of ntisuriotdib so( it sitn' in teh p,dee drah to recah ue.stssi)

rhitagl estl do i.hst meos fo het oncmmset ewer ayerll llwe lidaexep,n veerwho im giong ot ryt trohaen ur.oet ltse eald htwi Kap iscne hte herto octmnmse axneiedalp Vd well onhgu.e uoskd aol.elsfef/sll

srtif nihtg si oyu vaeh to emnireetd if its an acid or e.asb %90 fo the tiem its iggno ot eb a ewak ,iacd ew limesp otnd ltfueamor cmuh ioemdnstcai as sbeas ni enr.glae aosl ist diuosm ltsa dan NCS os uoy kwon it ash to be onhtpbriala.eb estp (1) owl pKa mneas daci (.47)- you mtsu ownk shti. ()2 yuo utsm owkn htta lal acdsi srtat fof letnaru and hnte elos na nio --t&;g gnembioc g.cerdha nda lal absse sttar ffo acdegrh dna nteh leso an nio to mboeec elatrnu hsit( si wyh ew ondt eus bicas rsudg eesbuca this nlutaer chearg has a ihhg vd and dosietps in uisstes = dab ni lyreled.) ouy watn dceragh cb sthat wtah si hlihricodyp aka pee it u.ot ()3 txne seu whta i jjtus iads dna yaplp ti to stih c:thar

+2 = %99

+1 = %09

1- = %01

2- = %1

eht srfit nuemrb rterepssne het rendcefief benetwe Hp dna Kap pK(a si nevig by eht sqnteoiu aaw,y)ls pH si ahtw ouy dganhce newh yuo alaedznkil eth nru.ei os orf tsih ontuiqes it uowdl :be pp-KHa = hhig iascb aveul 7&)(gt; sunmi kap ( wkea cdia .)-47

wno het oncsde engerapetc stpersenre het eeeanrcptg fo eissdiaotdc toonpr. so rof na ia,dc yeht lliw eomebc rhc,edga hist saenm ttah if het fidfecenre tebnwee hte ph dna Kap si over +1 hetn 0%9 of eth dcia liwl og frmo rualtne to dhgca.re if teh hp si +2 aregret thna KpA thne 9%9 of eht ciad wlil hvae stlo its norpto adn oemecb chdager

tels earzimmus h:sti wree odtl ist a ekaw acid = aak apK tbneeew -47. ew twna ot gte to eatk eth aewk iadc mrof its etnular mfor onti a eghdcar morf ot etg rid fo .it so ew lalzaniake eht ure,ni suebcea esabs are rhehig Hp oyu will gte a erom + mebrnu utsh het ewak acid will og rmof atuenlr to ceghadr nda eb ereect.xd

I aws nrwoeingd if ti saw to olwla ofr alartpi SCN pnoneirtaet ncsei teh dugr si psduepyosl odepsups to hvae SCN teffce

rof kwea acskpH=i adp + glo /A)()AH-( aak nrhnseedo alchsbahse oiqtueinaf you oslve t,ish lo'luy tge atht Hp - pka = / (A(go)dlAH-a)n neht inaag uoy wlil gte 01 ot pweor hp - kap = AH-/.A [rRfee to nikl in mnmocne]s two ediognnircs tath eht hp fo uro doby is .37 , ngwmeitheso nca oelvs rfo kap 01 and pka 6 gnisu sith aalTtr uofmh. si ofr kap 6 dna dybo hp 37., ti lilw be 01 ot teh reopw of 3,1. dolwu mean ttah AHA/ atoir is a topeivis nmreub, mliinygp ttha A- t&g; A.H wehraes rof ewhn apk is 0,1 eth -A/AH intrao is 01 to eprwo fo 72.-, mnainge tath H&-t.Ag;A

ndA sa ryledaa ontmieden in teh oebva csm,otenm ew nede an ocnici romf, ot eeniltiam hte ru,dg ti odwlu be refedrepr fi eht kap is 6 sa ni taht eac,s ic(-i)onA dowlu eb ni meor ie.tcrncnntoao

so twah fi shit was drsnivee rheew het rgdu ni tionsuqe wsa a esab dan ttah rniue was i.iiiddceaf onkw het apK luowd ende ot eb g&;t7 utb tawh utabo eht pH

ce[ommtn edmov ot bmst]moenuc