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Welcome to nutmeg_liverโ€™s page.
Contributor score: 16


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 +1  visit this page (nbme16#40)
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This is a cohort study. It will compare groups with exposure/experimental group (children whose parents worked at foundry for 5+ years) versus non-exposure/control (children with no parents at the foundry). From there, it will determine whether disease development is associated with said exposure (neurologic damage from dust).

FA2019 pg 256

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submitted by dr_jan_itor(87), visit this page
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Option A is the only option where both muscles are part of the orbital floor. Also, the last sentence in the question stem is a total modifyer of what one would expect the question to be asking. It is not asking for you to assume that these muscles have been severed, paralyzed, or rendered flacid. It is asking you to assume that they have become "entrapped" if the muscle is entrapped, then it cannot allow the eye to move into whatever position it would be in when the muscle is at its lengthened position. So in this case, It is the inferior rectus being entrapped in a functionally shortened position that is preventing upward gaze.

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cjdinurdreamz  im confused...doesnt the IR make the eye look down so if its trapped then why is upward gaze affected and not downward? +
nutmeg_liver  @cjdinurdreamz it does make your eye look down, so since it's trapped in a functionally shorter position you're trapped looking down, not up. +5


submitted by mousie(272), visit this page
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Why no sweating? I mean I get Ecstasy is probably the drug of choice before an all night dance party (lol) but don't understand why there would be cold extremities and no sweating when is FA it says hyperthermia and rhabdo????

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sympathetikey  FA says, "euphoria, disinhibition, hyperactivity, distorted sensory and time perception, bruxism. Lifethreatening effects include hypertension, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hyponatremia, serotonin syndrome." So I think they wanted you to see Sinus Tachy and jump for MDMA. Idk why Ketamine couldn't also potentially be correct though. +13
amorah  I picked ketamine because it said no diaphoresis. But if you need to find a reason, I guess the half life of ketamine might rule it out. Remember from sketchy, ketamine is used for anaesthesia induction, so probably won't keep the HR and BP high for 8 hrs. In fact, its action is ~10-15 mins-ish iv. +13
yotsubato  Because the NBME is full of fuckers. The guy is probably dehydrated so he cant sweat anymore? +22
fulminant_life  you wouldnt see tachycardia with ketamine. It causes cardiovascular depression but honestly i saw " all-night dance party" picked the mdma answer and moved on lol +10
monkd  Ketamine acts as a sympathomimetic but oh well. NBME hasn't caught on to ketamine as a drug of recreation :) +6
usmleuser007  Why not LSD? +1
d_holles  @usmleuser007 LSD doesn't cause HTN and โ†‘ HR. +2
sbryant6  @fulminant_life FALSE. KETAMINE CAUSES CARDIOVASCULAR STIMULATION. +12
dashou19  Take a look at why the patient has pale and cold extremities. "Mechanistic clinical studies indicate that the MDMA-induced elevations in body temperature in humans partially depend on the MDMA-induced release of norepinephrine and involve enhanced metabolic heat generation and cutaneous vasoconstriction, resulting in impaired heat dissipation." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5008716/ +5
drzed  @sbryant6 you're both saying the same thing. Ketamine has a direct negative inotropic effect on the heart, but it is also a sympathomimetic. You are both correct. +1
paperbackwriter  @drzed Can you please site that? As far as I understand ketamine has a sympathomimetic effect on the CV system --> increased chronotropy and BP. I also don't see how they're saying the same thing. One person said "stimulation" and the other said "depression" +1
nutmeg_liver  People tend to drink a lot of water on MDMA. I just guessed the confusion was a result of hyponatremia (too much free water) but no idea if there's any data saying that people tend to become hyponatremic due to water over-consumption on MDMA lol. +2
cassdawg  "Despite possessing a direct negative cardiac inotropic effect, ketamine causes dose dependent direct stimulation of the CNS that leads to increased sympathetic nervous system outflow. Consequently, ketamine produces cardiovascular effects that resemble sympathetic nervous system stimulation. Ketamine is associated with increases in systemic and pulmonary blood pressures, heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac work, and myocardial oxygen requirements."(https://www.openanesthesia.org/systemic_effects_of_ketamine/) +1
brise  LSD does cause HTN and tachycardia according to uworld! @d_holles +2


nutmeg_liver  Is penile urethra damage not a risk factor when doing the TURP procedure? I guess this difference in likelihood should just be memorized... +6
nutmeg_liver  Sorry, looks like the TURP procedure is more for BPH, not necessarily an adenocarcinoma! +2
i_hate_it_here  I guess that makes sense cuz the prostatic plexus is more peripherally located which is the case for prostatic adenocarcinoma, while BPH is centrally locating impeding on the penile urethra. +8


nutmeg_liver  Is penile urethra damage not a risk factor when doing the TURP procedure? I guess this difference in likelihood should just be memorized... +6
nutmeg_liver  Sorry, looks like the TURP procedure is more for BPH, not necessarily an adenocarcinoma! +2
i_hate_it_here  I guess that makes sense cuz the prostatic plexus is more peripherally located which is the case for prostatic adenocarcinoma, while BPH is centrally locating impeding on the penile urethra. +8


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