Welcome to cry2mucheveryday’s page.
Contributor score: 20
Comments ...
makinallkindzofgainz
Yes it is. These areas are all sun-exposed areas, and he is a farmer. Multiple years of sun-exposure can lead to Actinic Keratosis, a precursor of SCC.
+3
mangotango
@makinallkindzofgainz -- I think cry2mucheveryday means "distribution is not characteristic" of psoriasis
+1
charcot_bouchard
Not really, Hypotension cause pre renal azotemia. Here long standing HTN resulting in end organ damage so intrinsic renal failure
+3
cry2mucheveryday
ugh! i just noticed there's a fairly long h/o of poorly controlled HTN which makes this question simpler now. Thanks!!
+1
j44n
arterioles are in the kidney.... ya know like afferent/efferent ARTERIOLE @ the glom. if this was in the renal artery he'd have pre renal azotemia
+1
Subcomments ...
charcot_bouchard
this is the problem bet uw and nbme. in uw it would be for sure a gotcha ques. but in nbme they are usually looking for most obvious. also look what they are asking "most likely". baby would dev low Na before acidosis. Thats my 2 cents
+29
temmy
hyperchloremia will not account for the seizure that brought the patient to the hospital. seizures according to first aid is caused by hypocalcemia and hyponatremia
+1
cry2mucheveryday
Children with diarrhoea who drink large amounts of water or other hypotonic fluids containing very low concentrations of salt and other solutes, or who receive intravenous infusions of 50% glucose in water, may develop hyponatraemia. This occurs because water is absorbed from the gut while the loss of salt (NaCl) continues, causing net losses of sodium in excess of water. The principal features of hyponatraemic dehydration are:
there is a deficit of water and sodium, but the deficit of sodium is greater;
serum sodium concentration is low (<130 mmol/l);
serum osmolality is low (<275 mOsmol/l);
the child is lethargic; infrequently, there are seizures.
https://rehydrate.org/diarrhoea/tmsdd/2med.htm#CONSEQUENCES%20OF%20WATERY%20DIARRHOEA
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cry2mucheveryday
Also, why is this being given formula...? May be lactase deficiency...which leads to osmotic diarrhea...leads to hyponatremia(goljan)
Aren't newborns supposed to be kept on exclusive breast milk till 6 months??
+
hello
@cry2mucheveryday Don't read too much into it. The fact that the baby is receiving formula isn't relevant to answering the Q.
Btw, not everyone breast feeds. Additionally, the Q wouldn't make much sense if it said "they ran out of breastmilk"...
+1
hello
@cry2mucheveryday Being on formula then the parents running out of formula is more of a clue for water intoxication. This is typically the scenario that water intoxication presents.
However, I suppose if for some reason the baby was being breastfed and the parents switched to exclusively waterfeeding (and no other foods), then water intoxication would also result.
+
charcot_bouchard
this is the problem bet uw and nbme. in uw it would be for sure a gotcha ques. but in nbme they are usually looking for most obvious. also look what they are asking "most likely". baby would dev low Na before acidosis. Thats my 2 cents
+29
temmy
hyperchloremia will not account for the seizure that brought the patient to the hospital. seizures according to first aid is caused by hypocalcemia and hyponatremia
+1
cry2mucheveryday
Children with diarrhoea who drink large amounts of water or other hypotonic fluids containing very low concentrations of salt and other solutes, or who receive intravenous infusions of 50% glucose in water, may develop hyponatraemia. This occurs because water is absorbed from the gut while the loss of salt (NaCl) continues, causing net losses of sodium in excess of water. The principal features of hyponatraemic dehydration are:
there is a deficit of water and sodium, but the deficit of sodium is greater;
serum sodium concentration is low (<130 mmol/l);
serum osmolality is low (<275 mOsmol/l);
the child is lethargic; infrequently, there are seizures.
https://rehydrate.org/diarrhoea/tmsdd/2med.htm#CONSEQUENCES%20OF%20WATERY%20DIARRHOEA
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cry2mucheveryday
Also, why is this being given formula...? May be lactase deficiency...which leads to osmotic diarrhea...leads to hyponatremia(goljan)
Aren't newborns supposed to be kept on exclusive breast milk till 6 months??
+
hello
@cry2mucheveryday Don't read too much into it. The fact that the baby is receiving formula isn't relevant to answering the Q.
Btw, not everyone breast feeds. Additionally, the Q wouldn't make much sense if it said "they ran out of breastmilk"...
+1
hello
@cry2mucheveryday Being on formula then the parents running out of formula is more of a clue for water intoxication. This is typically the scenario that water intoxication presents.
However, I suppose if for some reason the baby was being breastfed and the parents switched to exclusively waterfeeding (and no other foods), then water intoxication would also result.
+
nala_ula
Famotidine is an H2 blocker which really only stops acid secretion via the stimulation of H+/K+ ATPase by histamine, but it still has vagus and gastrin stimulation.
If you use Omeprazole, you get irreversible inhibition of the pump itself which stops the secretion of acid even if there is histamine, gastrin, vagus stimulation.
+7
temmy
what about the healing of her mucosa. Is that not the action of prostaglandin?. That threw me off cos according to FA, misoprostol increases secretion of the gastric mucosa
+5
sahusema
I guess because misoprostol is more associated with treatment of NSAID related ulcers and PPIs are 1st line DOC for GERD?
+1
makinallkindzofgainz
@temmy, I think that Omeprazole is a better answer because although Misoprostol would promote healing of her esophageal mucosa, it wouldn't do anything to relieve the symptoms of GERD (due to acidic contents in the esophagus)
+1
sklawpirt
Exactly, it has to do with where in the kidney renin is released and requires a bit of knowledge of the artery branches that give rise to the afferent arteriole in the first place and where this branch point is located. http://anatomyforme.blogspot.com/2008/05/histology-of-kidney-lot-to-process.html
Where renin production occurs in JGA cells, EPO production occurs in the renal peritubular interstitium (especially the proximal renal tubule, corext and some of the outer medulla.) Thus with the same questions stem it might ask where is concentration of EPO the highest? [And it would still be the cortex, with lower concentrations in the outer medulla, lowest concentration in the inner medulla, and none found in the papilla or renal pelvis.
+18
hayayah
Actually, the renal medulla receives significantly less blood flow than renal cortex. So the medulla is the one that's very sensitive to hypoxia and vulnerable to ischemic damage. I don't think this question is related to "what area is the most poorly perfused."
It's just knowing that renal artery stenosis is going to decrease blood flow to the kidney. JG cells sense the decrease in perfusion pressure and secrete renin. Knowing that renin is produced by the JG cells and that JG cells are in the cortex should be enough to answer this question.
+8
cry2mucheveryday
I thought all the renin would collect in the pelvis where the arteries whould drain into a common vein and changed my answer to pelvis ._.
+3
charcot_bouchard
Not really, Hypotension cause pre renal azotemia. Here long standing HTN resulting in end organ damage so intrinsic renal failure
+3
cry2mucheveryday
ugh! i just noticed there's a fairly long h/o of poorly controlled HTN which makes this question simpler now. Thanks!!
+1
j44n
arterioles are in the kidney.... ya know like afferent/efferent ARTERIOLE @ the glom. if this was in the renal artery he'd have pre renal azotemia
+1
cry2mucheveryday
Why not 'give foods according to normal caloric requirement'?
+7
hpsbwz
@cry2mucheveryday because feeding to the caloric may be too much or too little for this baby. considering the baby's crying only resolves with food, if you've already reached the limit, are you just not going to feed the baby? that's how i thought of it. "maintain comfort" is the key phrase.
+8
i fell for bleeding from lesion at chose psoriasis but psoriasis pts experience itching. Also, the distribution is not characteristic.