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dentist
you're right! heart rate is the only option under sympathetic control.
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drzed
The cervical ganglion is a fusion of the last few cervical levels and the first thoracic level, so it is plausible.
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drzed
Vasodilation of the skin is under sympathetic control as well -- beta-2 receptors when stimulated cause vasodilation (via increase of cAMP in vascular smooth muscle). The key is recognizing that stimulation of a GANGLION of the pns will lead to release of NOREPINEPHRINE, which preferentially stimulates alpha-1 receptors. Those receptors will cause vasoconstriction.
If the question asked what happens when you stimulate the adrenal medulla, the answer would be (potentially) vasodilation. This is because the adrenal medulla releases EPINEPHRINE which preferentially stimulates beta-1/2 receptors.
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jesusisking
@drzed Awesome explanation except I think sympathetic response induces vasoconstriction in the skin though vasodilation in the muscles!
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usmile1
@jesusisking yes you are correct!
ฮฑ1: vasoconstriction in skin and intestine ;
ฮฒ2: vasodilation in skeletal muscle (transmitter: only epinephrine!)
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an1
sympathetic response is going to fight or flight. you'll be sweating, you want the sweat to dissipate so your body temperature doesn't shoot up. To reduce temperature, there is vasoDILATION at the skin and vasoCONSTRICTION of the splanchnic vessels. Confirm with UW QID 19088 (image)
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an1
actually no don't lol, check out the image it'll make sense. @drzed is correct, HR was a better option here though
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an1
re-read the question here. might be taking a big leap but maybe the electrical stimulation is a give away. Yeah stellate is SNS leading to HR increase, sweating, increased blood pressure but if it's electrical stimulation, why would the skin vasodilator? it vasodilator to get rid of excess heat, which shouldn't be present with a minor electrical stimulation
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Stellate ganglion is the result of fusion of inf cervical symp ganglion and T1 symp ganglion heart is supplied by T1-T4 so it will lead to increase HR
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krewfoo99
But isint beta 1 (heart rate) also stimulated by Epinephrine?
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methylased
Stellate ganglion --> sympathetics for sweat to skin in UE + head. Apparently also to increase HR (some cardiologists ablate stellate ganglion for tachy that cant be controlled by beta blockers).
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tea-cats-biscuits
The stellate ganglion is a sympathetic ganglion, so it wouldnโt increase vasodilation in the skin of the upper extremity. Also in most people, the inferior cervical ganglion is fused with the first thoracic ganglion (T1), forming the stellate ganglion.
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sympathetikey
Got this wrong too. I think upper extremity skin vasodilation (which I picked) is probably more due to local metabolites.
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submitted by โseagull(1933)
So, T1/2-T5/6 are the sympathetic level for the heart. The stellate ganglion are cervical sympathetic ganglion. This question seems more incorrect (or a huge leap) to me. But hey, I know people will disagree.