"Swelling of the ER" = Myocardial ischemia from cessation of coronary blood flow describes a stepwise process of cellular injury. One of the first manifestations of cardiomyocyte injury is swelling of the cell and its organelles, which occurs as the intracellular accumulation of sodium leads to an alteration in the osmotic gradient. If blood flow is not restored, apoptosis eventually occurs.
COPII vesicles: RER to Golgi COPI vesicles: Golgi to RER Clathrin : Golgi to Cell Membrane
Great diagram to refer - https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0092867410005660-fx1.jpg
If anybody wants to see roughly the names of diseases COPII mutation causes
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1527&context=creativecomponents
submitted by โsklawpirt(34)
I think the idea here is simply that one should think about where vesicles are coming from on their way to the golgi complex.
"Two steps forward and one step back." Specfically the question may be referring to a rare craniofacial disorder. an awarenesss of that disease is not necessary. What is necessary is understanding the origin from where vesicles are traficked to the Golgi apparatus.
COPI protein is needed to coat vescles from the RER to send to golgi. Thus, with a mutation in that protein, the packaged proteins that should bleb off and be sent to the golgi, instead accumulate in the RER and dilate it. Thus the answer.
https://www.cell.com/ajhg/pdf/S0002-9297(16)30214-2.pdf