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Welcome to chris07โ€™s page.
Contributor score: 69


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 +2  visit this page (step2ck_form7#39)
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The patient's "bizarre" behavior has been occurring for the past year. He has only been treated for hypothyroidism with levothyroxine for 6 months. Since the bizarre behavior he was brought in about today predates him even starting on levothyroxine, the diagnosis is Schizophrenia (Hallucinations, >6 months).

I fell for the trap and went down the road of thinking his thyroid was being overrated, causing hyperthyroid induced psychosis, but after reading that the behavior predated it, it made it not the correct answer.

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chris07  overtreated* +1

 +1  visit this page (step2ck_form7#17)
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Anoscopy provides a very limited view of the lower portion of the rectum. A technique that provides a better view of the entire colon, like a colonoscopy, can allow you to see the extent of the mass and look for any additional masses that may also need to be resected.

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 +8  visit this page (step2ck_form7#1)
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He's had heat stroke for 2 days???? I get the elevated CK and body temp (all pointing to heatstroke), but the fact that he was a temp of 106 and has been symptomatic for 2 DAYS makes the whole heat stroke diagnosis weird to me.

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drmohandes  Exactly my thoughts. -_- +1
bluebul  Dude isn't red as a beet. Can't be anti-cholinergic poisoning. +3

 +13  visit this page (nbme23#10)
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Bed bugs themselves are not known to be carriers of illness, but they can leave itchy bites. The girl is likely to scratch these bites, abrade the skin, and thus increase the risk of a staph skin infection (since staph aureus is the most common skin infection pathogen)

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mcl  Oh! The article I found said that MRSA has been shown to colonize the saliva of bed bugs for up to like 15 days, and that they isolated MRSA from several specimens. Is it just more likely that the patient scratches it in since staph is e v e r y w h e r e ? +7
chris07  I mean itโ€™s possible. The last review course I took said that it wasnโ€™t associated with anything. It may be, but either way...same answer :) +1
frijoles  So bedbugs can't transmit HIV. Cool. #whatareyou #anidiotsandwich +22
anechakfspb  @frijoles - Hey if it makes you feel any better I put HIV too, with my reasoning being that they feed on blood...and HIV is transmitted via bodily fluids. Whoops! +4
veryhungrycaterpillar  University of Purdue says they can, but over a long time. +
kcyanide101  If they did.... I bet there would have been a cure. +

 +1  visit this page (nbme23#20)
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I'm guessing that since this is hashimoto's that a biopsy of the thyroid would show the thyroid gland completely engulfed by attacking lymphocytes. Over time though, wouldn't the thyroid be completely destroyed and fibrotic?

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dr.xx  Progressive thyroid cell damage can change the apparent clinical picture from goitrous hypothyroidism to that of primary hypothyroidism, or "atrophic" thyroiditis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285557/ The pathological features are atrophic thyroid gland with lymphocytic infiltration and fibrous tissue replacing normal thyroid parenchyma. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302196286_Atrophic_Thyroiditis +
paulkarr  I was thinking that "Diffuse fibrosis" was trying to point to IgG4 Riedel Thyroiditis rather than Hashimoto's. +8
spow  It's only been 10 months, per the question stem. This probably isn't long enough for fibrosis to be correct +2

 +16  visit this page (nbme23#6)
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The only infection on that list that you would even screen an otherwise healthy appearing individual is HepB. The others I would think you only check if the patient has a presentation that makes you suspect them, like EBV if they had signs of mono, or RSV if they had respiratory symptoms. At that point, they're no longer screening tests, but more diagnostic ones.

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gilbert  I got it right because I thought of the prevalance of HBV in China. +10
yesa  Also, HBV forms chronic infection in children (HCV chronic in adults), so if she's not vaccinated for it, you screen for it first. All of the others you don't screen for even if they cause a latent infection (CMV...) +2
veryhungrycaterpillar  @gilbert. Exactly. You don't normally screen people for Hep B in the US, unless they're from a demographic. Chinese immigrants are among that demographic. +2
whk123  I just see China and marked EBV. I am dumb +5
blastocyte101  LMAO @wkh123 same.. was feeling so proud while picking it +




Subcomments ...

submitted by chris07(69), visit this page
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The patient's "bizarre" behavior has been occurring for the past year. He has only been treated for hypothyroidism with levothyroxine for 6 months. Since the bizarre behavior he was brought in about today predates him even starting on levothyroxine, the diagnosis is Schizophrenia (Hallucinations, >6 months).

I fell for the trap and went down the road of thinking his thyroid was being overrated, causing hyperthyroid induced psychosis, but after reading that the behavior predated it, it made it not the correct answer.

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chris07  overtreated* +1


submitted by chris07(69), visit this page
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Bed bugs themselves are not known to be carriers of illness, but they can leave itchy bites. The girl is likely to scratch these bites, abrade the skin, and thus increase the risk of a staph skin infection (since staph aureus is the most common skin infection pathogen)

get full access to all content โ‹… become a member
mcl  Oh! The article I found said that MRSA has been shown to colonize the saliva of bed bugs for up to like 15 days, and that they isolated MRSA from several specimens. Is it just more likely that the patient scratches it in since staph is e v e r y w h e r e ? +7
chris07  I mean itโ€™s possible. The last review course I took said that it wasnโ€™t associated with anything. It may be, but either way...same answer :) +1
frijoles  So bedbugs can't transmit HIV. Cool. #whatareyou #anidiotsandwich +22
anechakfspb  @frijoles - Hey if it makes you feel any better I put HIV too, with my reasoning being that they feed on blood...and HIV is transmitted via bodily fluids. Whoops! +4
veryhungrycaterpillar  University of Purdue says they can, but over a long time. +
kcyanide101  If they did.... I bet there would have been a cure. +


submitted by mousie(272), visit this page
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Not sure I am understanding this question - the patient got an NSAID for RA and this decreased her prostaglandins so she developed GERD... Doc added Misoprostol to counteract the decreased Prostaglandins I the gut and an adverse reaction of Misoprostol is diarrhea .. Correct?

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chris07  Yes. Diarrhea is a side effect of misoprostol. +3


submitted by bigbootycorgi(5), visit this page
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The thing is, the spinothalamic tract crosses 2 vertebral levels up and then decussates at the anterior white commissure to get from the right to the left, so how do I know which vertebral level I'd be working on this guy?

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chris07  I think the assumption here is that we are dealing with the cord section at the level of the problem. The picture is incredibly misleading. You have to orient yourself. The dorsal columns F, E, A, B are facing the patient's posterior. Once you properly orient it in 3D space, you know that what's labeled "right" is actually the patient's left, and what's labeled "left" is his right side. Super confusing. +2
sne  The input arises in a limb/part of body at the level of lesion, enters through the dorsal root (pictured between A and B), decussates and ascends at the anterior commissure, and finally synapses on the second order neuron in the lateral spinothalamic tract. So the spinothalamic tract is responsible for contralateral pain and temperature sensation. So AT THE LEVEL technically would be in the dorsal column +13
nwinkelmann  also, @chris07, I think you're wrong about the labels being wrong on the image. Becuase the spinothalamic tract = contralateral pain and temperature, and the patient's pain is on the right side, you would want to target the left spinothalamic tract for pain relief, i.e. the area labeled H. The area labeled D would be the right spinothalamic, purely because that is how the image is labeled. If you assume the label is different, you will get it wrong. +12
kpjk  @sne I don't think entering from the dorsal root would be between A and B. It would be part of the gray matter so, lateral to B and F +3
ih8payingfordis  I think the key thing here is to recognize that the cross section we're looking at is a CERVICAL section, which means it's definitely higher than the source of pain (back and abdomen). That tells you that the tract must have crossed already so you target the contralateral side. Here is a good link to identify where the cord is from (cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral): https://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroanatomy/imgsSwfs/L04P08F1.png +4


submitted by joker4eva76(31), visit this page
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The question stem is describing a mitochondrial disease, which commonly present with lactic acidosis. There is an increase in anaerobic forms of energy production (glycolysis). The mitochondria are faulty, so they canโ€™t use the end product of glycolysis (pyruvate) in TCA. Instead pyruvate is shunted over and is used by LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) to generate pyruvate.

Aside: Recall that LDH uses NADH and generates NAD+. Deficiency of LDH can lead to loss of regeneration of NAD+ and inhibits glycolysis.

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drdoom  ... pyruvate is shunted over and is used by LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) to generate lactate*. +4
chris07  It's hinted in the answer, but I would like to clarify: max O2 consumption is decreased because O2 is consumed in the Electron Transport Chain, which occurs in the mitochondria. With the mitochondria not working, the ETC cannot work, and thus there is less demand for Oxygen. +21
masonkingcobra  Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell +63
uslme123  Apparently ragged red fibers are the result of coarse subsarcolemmal or intermyofibrillar mitochondrial accumulations.. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/mitochondrial-myopathy +4
mnemonicsfordayz  As @chris07 said, less O2 is being consumed in the ETC... but I also was thinking that the diaphragm is a muscle and if the mitochondria in her diaphragm are also not functioning, then she's not breathing properly and less O2 is being inhaled and therefore decreasing her oxygen consumption. Is that totally off base or am I just grasping at straws here? +


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