Semt lyutclaa ,etstas “On tqeunin,gosi the niattpe sdeo ton nkow het daet [met]i, hte amen of the hitopals cla[]ep, or eth enma fo rhe rsneu who hda sujt rducnioted mlhfsie p]sno[re.” S,o pt is ioesnidtrde to imte dan cepal (ihoCce ;)A atth si ieildnfyet gnroecncin -- sa uwldo be edrdeesps oodm h(oCiec E) dna het etohr occhsei -- tbu byitlinai“ to neastddnru rvseyeti nda nri”pssgoo is hte tmso nccgenrion nisce atht si hte reyv nnfiidoeit of pcayiac.t yilInaibt ot uatdesnndr = lkac of .pyaaicct

I iybuvloso hthtugo ttah hte amin tghni ofr ctycapia si to tddnsreuan hte erysetvi nda isrosgnop fo ehr cdlmiae dnicoonit UBT I oguthht shti wsa a ktcir squtneio escuaeb thye aksde "fi eht tnmael ieaninoxtma fnginid sh"do.e.w. nda the tmse aldfie ot teonmin hygannti aobut erh neotranitio to paecl ro iet.m ubmd

4 criteria must be met to know if a patient has capacity (taken from Dirty Medicine'sYouTube channel): "ICAL"

I: patient is fully INFORMED about the decision at hand (e.g. doctor tells patient you had a lung infection which worsened and spread to your blood and you become septic then you developed cardiac arrest and we had to perform CPR on you and give you epinephrine to bring yo ass back)

C: patient COMMUNICATES their decision (e.g. explicitly says "I want to be discharged")

A: patient APPRECIATES the nature and severity of the illness (e.g. doctor tells patient you might die if you leave against our medical advice and then the doctor asks the patient to repeat it back to make sure he comprehended that fact)

L: patient can explain their decision in a LOGICAL and linear fashion (e.g. patient says his dad was in an ICU before with many tubes and blood samples being drawn and was on a ventilator and the patient doesn't want to end up like his dad)

NOTE: the patient's "logical" explanation of their decision does NOT have to actually be a good medical decision. As a doctor, you can disagree with their poor medical choice, but as long as the patient came to that decision with capacity intact, then you should respect their decision (autonomy).

Time, place, name → assesses orientation → to see if pt is for example intoxicated or not

Decision making capacity is based off of whether the patient understand her diagnosis and is making an informed consent → she knows and understands