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submitted by anechakfspb(77), visit this page
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This is describing hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (FA 2019 p. 312). It is also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome. It is an autosomal dominant disorder of blood vessels. Findings include blanching lesions (telangiectasias) on skin and mucous membranes, recurrent epistaxis, skin discolorations, AV malformations, GI bleeding, and hematuria.

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cbreland  Wow, I was completely lost on this one, thanks! +32
jbrito718  What helped me figure this out was the finger clubbing. This sign indicated hypoxia. Along with what I thought were micro-clots of small vessels (now I know are telangiectasia) would most likely cause increased shunting in the lungs. +1
thegout  UW added questions about this pathophys recently. Megakaryocytes mature into platelets in the pulmonary circulation,so if blood bypasses the lungs in any way( COPD,CF,AV shunting,congenital heart defects) immature megakaryocytes enter blood stream, these megakaryocytes actually cause the clubbing by secreting growth factors like PDGF.And the bleeding spots are just a complication of lack of mature platelets in blood. So any time you see clubbing, you should know the pathophysiology involves megakaryocytes. +6


submitted by j44n(141), visit this page
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you cant blame anyone for your being late. You have to deflect and stay broad because it creates a distrust in the medical system all the other ones place blame else where or make you look like the encounter isnt a priority

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thegout  idk why this wasnt as obvious to me, i picked the apology followed by this wont be long. I thought if i apologise and bring up her being late, it might just trigger her further if she really is late. +2
whoopthereitis  I put that answer too, I think that by saying "but this won't take long" can be considered as you promising the patient something that you can't guarantee. And also like you are going to rush the experience afterward because of your mistake or tardiness whatever. +1


submitted by cassdawg(1781), visit this page
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This protein is an uncoupling agent (likely thermogenin which is found in brown adipose and serves to increase heat production. Uncoupling agents will cause increased permeability of the mitochondria membrane, necessitating more oxygen consumption in order to generate the same ion gradient. Since more oxygen is consumed to generate the same gradient, more oxygen would be consumed to generate the same amount of ATP, so the ratio of oxygen consumption to ATP generation increases. (FA2020 p78)

Another way of thinking about this is that oxygen will continued to be consumed to attempt to generate the gradient, but the leaky membrane will prevent the gradient from being formed properly and therefore prevent ATP from being formed. Thus there is the same amount of oxygen consumed for little to no ATP being made so again the ratio of oxygen consumption to ATP generation increases. This is closer to what actually happens in the body but I found it easier to think about it the first way.

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feochromocytoma  Exactly, the electron transport in the mitochondria will keep going, but ATP synthesis would stop, which causes production of heat. +
thegout  if you're like me, you picked decreased ratio of oxygen to ATP in a brain fart without thinking about what a ratio is, gotta read the answers more carefully in long grueling exam. +16


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