need help with your account or subscription? click here to email us (or see the contact page)
join telegramNEW! discord
jump to exam page:
search for anything โ‹… score predictor (โ€œpredict me!โ€)

Welcome to machetebettyโ€™s page.
Contributor score: 4


Comments ...

 +0  visit this page (step2ck_form6#33)
get full access to all content โ‹… become a member

Bacterial vaginosis is also very common in women/people with vaginas who have sex with women/people with vaginas, and more common in that population vs gen pop.

One 2005 study of 12K vagina-owners found 45% prevalence in folx who'd had at least one partner with a vagina, vs 29% rest of study population.

(Sorry no link, just sharing from "Lesbian Health" by Dibble & Robertson.)

get full access to all content โ‹… become a member




Subcomments ...

submitted by step_prep5(246), visit this page
get full access to all content โ‹… become a member
  • Older man with nocturia, hesitancy, and uncontrollable leaking after the end of urination who is found to have an enlarged prostate on exam, most consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • 2 potential treatments are (1) 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride): Lead to reduced conversion of testosterone โ€“> DHT โ€“> Less BPH over the course of months (2) Alpha-1 selective inhibitors (-zosin and tamsulosin): Relaxation of the bladder internal sphincter โ€“> less urethral resistance when voiding
  • Key idea: -zosin drugs (NOT TAMSULOSIN) also have blood pressure effects (because alpha-1 receptors lead to arteriolar constriction) and commonly lead to orthostatic hypotension and dizziness, so in this patient with orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic dysfunction, we would opt for tamsulosin or a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor

https://step-prep.org/tutoring/

get full access to all content โ‹… become a member
machetebetty  Tamsulosin, too, can definitely cause orthostatic hypotension. +


submitted by yotsubato(1208), visit this page
get full access to all content โ‹… become a member

Lactose Intolerant I guess? Not Celiac. Kind of a bullshit question.

get full access to all content โ‹… become a member
study_dude_guy  Had the same reaction as you and then I learned that AA is a buzz word for lactose intolerance "African American and Asian ethnicities see a 75% - 95% lactose intolerance rate, while northern Europeans have a lower rate at 18% - 26% lactose intolerance" +1
seagull  I also choose Celiac's. "BuT RaCe AnD mEdICiNe DoN't Go ToGeThEr". +3
hayayah  I think a key part to differentiate between celiac's and lactose intolerance in this question isn't race, it's because of the part that says "he occasionally had diarrhea after meals since 12 years old and then it got worse since starting college". If he had celiac's he'd have GI symptoms (i.e. diarrhea) any time he ate something containing gluten (which would be every single time he had a meal) since he was 12. You'd also see signs of fat or vitamin malabsorption in celiac's patients and other autoimmune symptoms. Whereas in lactose intolerance, it's much more likely he'd once in a while eat a lot of dairy and have his symptoms triggered, and then he starts college and has even less of a well rounded diet and so his symptoms get worse. +4
sahusema  I agree with above, but it could just as easily of been CD and people here would have been like "JuSt cAUse He aFricaN AmErICaN DoNT MaEN he CanT haVe CEliaC." +
imtheman  I dont understand how the whole college part adds into this? I thought IBD to be honest. Complete BS question. Are we to assume he eats more milk products in college? +
machetebetty  My best guess re: college is the primary currency of (pre-Covid) college gatherings: FREE PIZZA. +1
jj375  Also lactose intolerant commonly begins around puberty, so that may be a buzzword. Most people can digest lactose when theyre young and then grow out of that ability and stop making enough lactase! +


submitted by carolebaskin(109), visit this page
get full access to all content โ‹… become a member

The mother was already treated for GBS -- observation is indicated in the newborn.

AAP: "For well-appearing term newborn infants born to mothers with an indication for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to prevent GBS disease and receipt of 4 or more hours of penicillin, ampicillin or cefazolin at the appropriate doses before delivery, routine care, and 48 hours of observation continue to be recommended."

But, this mother was already treated, so they do not even have an indication for IAP

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/128/3/611

get full access to all content โ‹… become a member
dreamyyn  per uptodate, you should still give them prophylaxis: Women with GBS bacteriuria any time in pregnancy (Grade 2B) or an infant with early-onset GBS infection in a previous pregnancy (Grade 2C) should routinely receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis +
machetebetty  I wonder if there was confusion about who is receiving the penicillin? The patient in the stem is the woman, not the newborn; the laboring patient is receiving the (indicated) penicillin. +


submitted by yotsubato(1208), visit this page
get full access to all content โ‹… become a member

You know they could throw us a bone or something... Tell us the uterus is boggy at least, or hard, or ANYTHING AT ALL REALLY....

get full access to all content โ‹… become a member
saffronshawty  They mentioned that the uterus is 3 cm above the umbilicus which is an indication that it's enlarged and hasn't returned to the normal post-partum size it should be, which is at the level of the umbilicus +/- 2 cm. +4
derpymd  So that +1cm is the distinction here? They misdirect to suggest there may be retained placental tissue, but tell us nothing truly valuable about the state of the uterus. I think this is a poor question. +1
cinnapie  @derpymd i get what you are saying but they said that the placenta is torn but complete. I guess we need to take their word for it if they say the placenta is complete and there is absolutely NOTHING left behind to cause the symptoms +1
machetebetty  Also, big baby -> floppy uterus . +1


submitted by nc1992(25), visit this page
get full access to all content โ‹… become a member

This is not correct. While atropine is the correct answer to manage organophosphate poisoning, it is more appropriate to stop the seizure immediately. Benzos should be given initially in the presence of seizure with atropine and 2-pam for management of poisoning

get full access to all content โ‹… become a member
etherbunny  The atropine would work as fast as the benzo. We also don't know the duration of the seizure- benzos are only indicated after initial measures to control the seizure have failed. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0801/p469.html +
lindasmith462  Yea this is a crappy question - you could DEF make an argument for diazepam as it indicated specifically for seizures in organophosphate poisoning and does act faster than the atropine. Early benzo use (regardless of seizures) has been associated with improved long term neuro probs and really should be given WITH/"right after" atropine. I guess I went with this question is getting at me knowing this is organophosphate poisoning and what to do vs seizure. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?topicKey=EM%2F339&search=organophosphate%20poisoning%20treatment&imageKey=EM%2F63540&rank=1~28&source=see_link +
jmorga75  You could make an argument for a benzo, but that benzo def wouldn't be diazepam that has a half life of 1-3 days. If you were going to give a benzo you'd have to give a short-medium acting one (midazolam, Alprazolam, or lorazepam). Also, atropine, unlike benzoes, slows down the aging process of organophosphates, so it's probably better to give atropine ASAP. +
jmorga75  You could make an argument for a benzo, but that benzo def wouldn't be diazepam that has a half life of 1-3 days. If you were going to give a benzo you'd have to give a short-medium acting one (midazolam, Alprazolam, or lorazepam). Also, atropine, unlike benzoes, slows down the aging process of organophosphates, so it's probably better to give atropine ASAP. +
lindasmith462  diazepam is the specific benzodiazepine indicated in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning associated seizures and was noted to work faster than atropine in animal models. in this case you would give both at the same time. thus the crappyness of this question +
machetebetty  I wonder if actually their point (...in that darling NBME way...) is to differentiate between "next best step" (which could be either, and realistically, in the ED it's all just happening ASAP) vs "most appropriate pharmacotherapy"- i.e., what's the antidote for the core problem (as opposed to, benzos as symptomatic/supportive care in this case). [Kinda like that Q w/ the pregnant person who also has an SBO >> pregnancy was a diagnosis but not THE diagnosis... darned NBME punks XD ] +


submitted by derpymd(20), visit this page
get full access to all content โ‹… become a member

So we just assume all women of childbearing age are pregnant? I knew amoxicillin is 2nd line treatment, but chose propranolol because I knew stage 2 lyme has cardiac manifestations, I just couldn't remember what they were (AV block, by the way -- improves with antibiotics).

I suppose it's just safer to treat with amoxicillin than doxycycline just in case she's pregnant. ยฏ\(ใƒ„)/ยฏ

get full access to all content โ‹… become a member
bluebul  I didn't even get that far. Only way to prevent long term complications is with abx and we know metro isn't an option. Leaves only Amox. +4
machetebetty  I know that both Sketchy and Divine agree with doxy-except-when-pregnant-or-pediatric, but fwiw, to the extent the CDC is a "source of truth" for the USMLEs, they seem to regard them as equivalent (for this scenario). https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/treatment/index.html ...This also helps me feel less perturbed about the possible [ridiculous] assume-she's-pregnant thing, to @derpymd's point!! +


submitted by kingfriday(45), visit this page
get full access to all content โ‹… become a member

Lady with mets and increased ca2+ (hypercalcemia of malignancy) at risk for cervical spine compression. She also has neurological impairment which makes her a candidate for surgery - decompress spinal cord and cervical stabilization.

I think this lady needs way more than a soft tissue collar and PT - more conservative therapy.

Mithramycin is evidently an antitumor drug used in testicular cancer

Tamoxifen therapy - treat her immediate neurological issues

get full access to all content โ‹… become a member
lilmonkey  Shouldn't we stabilize her neck with a collar (maybe not too soft:)) to prevent further damage before taking her to the OR? +
machetebetty  Yes to a collar before she heads to urgent/emergent surgery- but a rigid collar. Tricksy buggars ;) +1


submitted by welpdedelp(270), visit this page
get full access to all content โ‹… become a member

She met the Centor criteria for empiric antibiotics, why was is culture?

get full access to all content โ‹… become a member
tinylilron  I think that if you do a rapid test for group A strep if it is negative you have to follow it up with a throat culture... I remember this from my pediatric rotation... the culture is supposed to be more sensitive(?) than the rapid test. https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hw204006#:~:text=A%20t +
sassy_vulpix  As per UWorld : Adults : Centor Criteria : 0-1 : viral,No test reqd; 2-3 : RSAT, if positive antibiotics, if negative, we assume it to be viral so nothing; 4 : penicillin/amoxiciliin whereas for kids, we always need to follow up a negative RSAT with a throat culture. In adults, there is no need. +1
machetebetty  She doesn't meet criteria for empiric treatment (4 or 5 points); if she had, they wouldn't have performed the RST. She has 3 points- age, temp, no cough. Also, helpful for remembering (not mine but I don't remember where I got this) - Cough [trick is remembering, lack thereof] Exudates Nodes Temp Old r [or, "RST if 2-3"] +


search for anything NEW!