Amboss:

Envelope: Lipid bilayer around the capsid that contains viral glycoproteins and host cell proteins. The presence of the lipid bilayer makes nearly all enveloped viruses vulnerable to rapid inactivation by organic solvents (e.g., alcohol), detergents, and dry heat.

Where as non-enveloped viruses are generally resistant to the environment.

PCV13 for strep pneumo is polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxin-like protein (FA20-105). This is needed for a T-cell dependent response which allows for class switching and production of IgG Ab. This is a much more robust immune response. This provides memory and is why the vaccine is given at an early date.

On the contrary, antigens lacking a protein (such as the capsular polysaccharide) such as PPSV23 vaccine are not presented to T-cells, and therefore have a much weaker response + do not class switch.

Partial agonist: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-540-68706-1_548#:~:text=A%20key%20property%20of%20partial,to%20produce%20its%20maximum%20effect.

In the case of exercise, there is increased sympathetic tone (acts as full agonist).

If anyone was wondering about Ferritin as I was.

Iron level functions as a regulator of ferritin transcription. "when iron levels are low, ferritin synthesis is decreased; conversely, when iron levels are high, ferritin synthesis increases."

If iron is low as it would be in significant blood loss, the body would want to mobilize iron to produce heme and not sequester it. This results in decreased ferritin production and increased transferrin.

https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/99/10/3505/106937/Regulation-of-ferritin-genes-and-protein