(A) hte esofttlm eulva )reccot(r

viyteniistS si indefde as teh orcfnati of treu soeispivt (T)P to the bmreun of lpeeop ohw avhe teh ,edeissa cwhih si reut ospvseiit plsu flaes sveatineg +(PTF,)N or tsvsniytiei = N/P(+)TP.TF The iesaets ayw to mmizixae ihst euavl is ot aizemmix eht narertomu or to amexizmi the bremnu fo PT.s oT exizmaim teh mrbune of retu oetpissvi in erodr to aimemxiz syttii,nisev ew muts be aleb ot yas ahtt rof vyere esedidas ornesp edestt, hety umst be os.ivpite This smlpiei atht the rldehhost ofr rgnmaki eenosom as eiaesdds mstu be eht solwte eiaedssd s'srpneo ule,va hiwhc si the mfsttole u.evla

)C( teh otpni ta eth dne of the nrlamo uelavs

)C( luwod eb eth trorcec aesrnw if we rewe grntiy ot examimiz ceitipcysf,i hihcw si edefndi as hte treu tgsieavne ()NT ivdeidd yb the usm fo oelpep how do'nt veha the ise,sead ro the true avgsnetie uspl the efsla itvpeoiss +)T(P,FN ro ptesifciiyc = TN)T(F.+/NP Teh eitsase way ot ziiaexmm tish is ot ixmzaemi eht mnreutaro or to azmiixme het enbrum of sN.T oT xzmmiaei het burnme of rtue ingvsaeet in orred ot imxeizma piccesiy,ift we usmt eb ebla ot sya ttah rof vryee athlyeh reosnp eedtt,s yeth mstu eb egi.tvaen hsiT plmisie atth het dhethlrso orf minkrag eneosom as nto dsiaedse tmus eb the gtisehh oanlrm s'ernosp leuva, whihc snde pu eginb C() on the cart.h hTe ruhrfte hgirt ouy og on eth tch,ra isfcctyipei assyt ta %,010 utb eth rmeo sietnysiivt sre.adseec At ,)(E enroevye setts ingtevea dna so ietvisytsin si 0.%

• ot emzxaimi isv,siiteynt we eden a intestpo ta teh swlote daeisesd velua (eyevr seaeidsd ornsep tsset sovtiip)e

• to neimizim yvttis,iesni ew dene a epnositt ta hte eshhitg asdidsee luaev (yeerv dssediea erpnos tsset enveigat)

• ot imaximze cies,tyifipc ew need a esioptnt at the ehsigth naolmr alveu eyr(ev rlnamo nrsope ettss aieneg)vt

• to izeimmin icsypfi,itce we eedn a tesipont at the wlstoe mrlnoa vuael which is laluuys 0 (veyre rnlmao seporn tstes seoiip)tv