NBME Answers : aliyah's page

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+15 visit this page (nbme19#17)

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After the CD4+ cells become infected, the CD8+ cells kill them.

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cbreland Same for the macrophages and dendritic cells that would be infected. Intracellular pathogen that would need to have CD8 T cell mediated death +2

vetafig692 After the CD4+ cells become infected, the CD8+ cells kill them. +1

surgerydoctorca_sgu Well said. +

+31 visit this page (nbme19#35)

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If a germ cell or somatic cell had the original mutation, then there's an increased risk for cancer in other parts of the body too. If only retinal cells in one eye is mutated, only that one eye is at risk for cancer.

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+5 visit this page (nbme19#5)

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The right eye's efferent nerves are working, as left eye stimulation causes a change in the right eye. The right eye optic n. damage causes it's afferent n. to be damaged. It can't carry info to brain, so right and left eye can't constrict to light.

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icedcoffeeislyfe APD--> swinging flashlight test, light in the AFFECTED eye will result in dilation of both pupils inappropriately +1

cbay0509 thank you +

nbme_123 Can someone please explain why it cant be the Right Edinger Westphal nucleus? +1

chaosawaits But if right optic nerve doesn't work, why does it dilate normally in the dark to 6 mm? +1

pakimd @nbme_123 im not sure if im correct but i think the reason why right edinger westphal nucleus is not the correct answer is because the left edinger westphal nucleus sends one axon to the right edinger westphal nucleus and one to right pretectal nucleus so that way damage to right edinger westphal will still result in relaying of efferent innervation to the right eye +

unknown001 before you read , look at the picture i am posting . then slowly trace the pathway. ( open to corrections) recomendation : open the pic by memorang https://www.google.com/search?q=optic+nerve+edinger&rlz=1C1CHBF_enNG840NG840&sxsrf=ALeKk01M2EGnC0HOchexNuok-0qKdtFuBQ:1609541285076&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje-7DE6PvtAhUOSq0KHbSwDLsQ_AUoAXoECAUQAw&biw=1280&bih=578#imgrc=gEsVR5pPWG5WLM EXPLANATION PROPER information from rt. optic nerve first relays at right pretectal nucleus. @right pretectal , the fibers are split into to relay at left and right edinger westphal . this is the reason why i think if rt. edinger westphal is damaged, and you shine light in the right eye, the left pupil will constrict, solely because of suply from the right pre tectal. +